Why Is Chemical Safety Important

The first rule of Chemical safety is…

“Know what you are working with and how to protect yourself and others”

 

Chemicals improve quality of life, but can also harm & kill! Therefore, we should know the hazards of chemicals and appropriate precautions to take to work safely and avoid injury.

 

Why Is Chemical Safety Important?

• Improving health and safety
• Lower spending on disposal
• Lower spending on wastewater/effluent
• Benefits of reducing production costs
• Benefits from reducing the impact on the environment

 

Types of chemical hazards

Hazardous chemicals are categorized as follows:

• Flammable or explosives – Petroleum, diesel etc.
• Irritating or corrosive to skin, lungs and eyes – Acid, Alkali, Paints, Fumes etc.
• Toxic chemicals – Carbon monoxide, Hydrogen sulfide, Cyanide etc.
• Reactive
• Biological (infectious)
• Carcinogen (cancer – causing)
• Radioactive etc.

 

Classification of Chemicals Based on Hazardous Nature

There are three types of chemical hazards:

• Physical Hazards
• Health Hazards
• Environmental Hazards

Physical Hazards

Flammable and combustible material, Compressed gas, Oxidizing material, Poisonous and infectious material, Corrosive material, dangerously reactive material.

 

Health Hazards

Health hazards are chemicals that are harmful to your health and can cause: Short and long term health problems.

 

Environmental Hazards

Hazardous to the aquatic environment. Environment Pollution (water pollution, soil pollution, air pollution).

Four Routes of Chemical Exposure and Effective controls

 

Chemical will solely enter our body by	Effective controls
Inhalation e.g. inhaling vapors, particles or gases	Good ventilation, face masks
Ingestion e.g. swallowing residues when failing to clean hands after using chemical and before eating	Wash hands after use, gloves
Absorption e.g. through the skin or eyes	Good ventilation, eye protection and alternative PPE
Injection e.g. unintentional skin penetration by needles or alternative sharp objects	Use a pair of tongs, gloves, handle things with care

 

When Should Personal Protective Equipment Be Inspected?

Before deciding on required personal protective equipment (PPE) you should assess workplaces, procedures and worker’s behavior to understand which parts of the body are likely to be exposed to the chemicals.

 

The four types of clothing that may be required for skin and eyes protection are:

1. Chemical protective gloves
2. Coveralls
3. Protective footwear
4. Face or eye shields

 

 

Guidelines on Storage of Hazardous Chemicals

• Store incompatible chemicals in separate areas
• Limit the number of flammable material to the minimum required
• Store flammable liquids in approved flammable storage lockers
• Store acids in separate flammable storage lockers
• Don’t store chemicals in a refrigerator used for food storage
• Don’t store food in refrigerators used for chemical storage

 

Chemical Emergency Response Plan

1. Know emergency phone numbers
2. Know equipment shutdown procedure
3. Ensure a safe and suitable place of fire extinguisher
4. Identify and list out all possible emergency situations
5. Identify the effects and impact of emergency situations
6. Establish emergency response equipment
7. Know proper evacuation routes and assembly areas, and
8. Ensure that all staff is familiar with the arrangements in case of emergencies, through the provisions of instructions and training including regular drills.

 

 

FIRST AID

First Aid for…

•  Chemicals in the Eyes
•  Chemicals on the Skin
•  Chemical Inhalation
•  Chemical Ingestion

 

First Aid for Chemicals in the Eye

• Don’t rub the eyes
• Hold eyelids open and flush with water for 15 minutes
• Be careful not to contaminate the other eye
• Seek additional medical attention
• Call emergency personnel or a physician right away
• Irrigate eyes with water for second 15 minutes if emergency personnel or physician isn’t right away available

 

First Aid for Chemical Burns on Skin

• Shower victim/flash the affected area with lukewarm water for 15 minutes, removing all contaminated clothing
• Wash affected area with soap and water
• Remove clothing and jewelry from the burn area
• Seek additional medical attention

 

First Aid for Chemical Inhalation

• Remove victim from contaminated space
• Keep victim heat in a much-reclined position with head and shoulders elevated
• Give oxygen as soon as possible
• Call emergency personnel or a physician immediately
• Move victim to fresh air

 

First Aid for Chemical Ingestion

• Induce vomiting only if told to do so by poison control
• Get immediate medical attention

 

Chemical Hazard Control Measures

• • ž Reducing chemical use
  • ž Chemical recovery and re-use
  • ž Replacing more-polluting chemicals with less-polluting substances
  • ž Dosing control
  • ž Unnecessary chemical use must be controlled
  • ž Zero discharge of hazardous chemicals
  • ž Improved dye fixation
  • ž Site audit
  • ž Risk assessment